For Paper: Ebbers, Karaboga (2022): Influencing Factors for Users' Privacy and Security Protection Behavior in Smart Speakers: Insights from a Swiss User Study. The 4th Workshop on Security, Privacy, Organizations, and Systems Engineering, held at ESORICS 2022

This document represents the original questions for the survey conducted in the paper “Influencing Factors for Users' Privacy and Security Protection Behavior in Smart Speakers: Insights from a Swiss User Study” by Frank Ebbers and Murat Karaboga. Original screenshots and the questions in text are present in German, French and Italian.Gefördert von: Stiftung für Technologiefolgen-Abschätzung TA-Swis

Strength of selection pressure is an important parameter contributing to the complexity of antibiotic resistance evolution

Revealing the genetic changes responsible for antibiotic resistance can be critical for developing novel antibiotic therapies. However, systematic studies correlating genotype to phenotype in the context of antibiotic resistance have been missing. In order to fill in this gap, we evolved 88 isogenic Escherichia coli populations against 22 antibiotics for 3 weeks. For every drug, two populations were evolved under strong selection and two populations were evolved under mild selection. By quantifying evolved populations' resistances against all 22 drugs, we constructed two separate cross-resistance networks for strongly and mildly selected populations. Subsequently, we sequenced representative colonies isolated from evolved populations for revealing the genetic basis for novel phenotypes. Bacterial populations that evolved resistance against antibiotics under strong selection acquired high levels of cross-resistance against several antibiotics, whereas other bacterial populations evolved under milder selection acquired relatively weaker cross-resistance. In addition, we found that strongly selected strains against aminoglycosides became more susceptible to five other drug classes compared with their wild-type ancestor as a result of a point mutation on TrkH, an ion transporter protein. Our findings suggest that selection strength is an important parameter contributing to the complexity of antibiotic resistance problem and use of high doses of antibiotics to clear infections has the potential to promote increase of cross-resistance in clinics

Datenschutz im Internet: Akteure, Regulierungspraktiken und Interessenlagen

Der Beitrag zielt darauf ab, einen Überblick zum Thema Datenschutz aus politikwissenschaftlicher Perspektive zu geben. Zunächst wird kurz in die Geschichte des Datenschutzes eingeführt und anschließend die Regulierungspraxis in Deutschland anhand zentraler an der Regelsetzung und -auslegung beteiligter Akteure (Exekutive, Legislative, Judikative, Parteien und Datenschutzbehörden) skizziert. Darauf aufbauend wird der institutionelle Zugang um die Darstellung drei im Datenschutz miteinander konkurrierender Interessenlagen (Wirtschafts-, Sicherheits- und Bürgerrechtsinteressen) ergänzt, um Erklärungsansätze für die Funktionsweise von Datenschutzpolitik zu untersuchen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass insbesondere auf Seiten der Exekutive eine Priorisierung von Sicherheitsinteressen, gefolgt von Wirtschaftsinteressen stattfindet, während die Bürgerrechtsperspektive vernachlässigt wird. Immerhin hat die von der EU angestoßene und anhaltende Reform des Datenschutzrechts das Potential, einen besseren Interessenausgleich zu gewährleisten, wie anhand der DSGVO deutlich wird